Transport Canada Commercial Pilot License (CPL) Practice Exam

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• An aviation incident is classified as reportable when it involves an aircraft with what maximum takeoff weight?
• What type of lapse rate is defined as 3°C per thousand feet?
• What do Chevron markings preceding a runway threshold indicate?
• What are the necessary conditions for thunderstorm development?
• When must a pilot contact the Canadian Border Services Agency when flying to Canada?
• To act as pilot in command of a single-engine aircraft for air taxi service under night VFR without passengers, what must a commercial pilot have?
• How does unstable air become more stable?
• What does impact icing refer to?
• Which type of air parcel is typically associated with a shallow lapse rate?
• What is the purpose of contacting the Canadian border service agency prior to entry?
• What wind characteristic is associated with flying through areas influenced by mountain valleys at night?
• What becomes of the airspace during a forest fire?
• Which characteristics are typical of stable air?
• In what circumstance are iso bars closely spaced?
• Which type of aircraft commonly utilizes vortex generators?
• What type of fog is likely to form when moist air moves over a colder surface?
• During which weather event would you expect a squall to occur?
• What happens to the temperature of rising air in the adiabatic process?
• Which type of frequency is least impacted by terrain and is cleared for line of sight transmission?
• What should a pilot be vigilant about when encountering lenticular clouds?
• What navigation information can a pilot obtain from a TACAN?
• What type of aircraft are subject to the minimum equipment list regulations?
• What action should you take to avoid turbulence if you notice a rise in temperature while flying through a jetstream?
• What occurs during an occlusion?
• What is the definition of relative bearing?
• Which term refers to the heating or cooling of air without exchanging heat with the environment?
• When observing wind patterns, which system corresponds with the air flow indicated by your back when facing the wind?
• Which type of fog forms when moist air is lifted over a rising terrain?
• What is required for a pilot to operate a multi-engine airplane under IMC for an air taxi service?
• What weather phenomenon is indicated by virga, which signifies strong downdrafts and microbursts?
• When does a compass read most accurately during turns?
• What is the purpose of a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM)?
• Which of the following factors can affect the automatic direction finder (ADF)?
• What is the significance of understanding air position for a pilot?
• What is the default transponder code for IFR aircraft flying below 18,000 feet ASL?
• When must a flight plan or flight itinerary be filed?
• On a flight plan form, what does the code 'S' in the equipment box signify?
• Jet streams are typically found within which altitude range?
• What is the pressure gradient in aviation?
• When does a seabreeze typically occur?
• In high wind conditions, what may be indicated on the altimeter while flying in a narrow valley?
• What must a pilot in command do before entering class D airspace?
• If the pitot tube becomes completely blocked by ice during flight and the aircraft has no pitot heat, what will happen to the airspeed indicator?
• Where is the top of the troposphere generally higher?
• When must a commercial pilot have an audiogram?
• What is the maximum vertical height of the ADIZ?
• Where are jet streams usually located in the atmosphere?
• Calibrated airspeed is primarily corrected for which of the following?
• What is the cause of gyroscopic apparent precession?
• What effect do vortex generators have on stall characteristics of an aircraft?
• What is a common effect of an anticyclone system?
• What action should be taken when flying from the altimeter setting region into the standard pressure region?
• Which factor is NOT a characteristic of stable air?
• What is the primary function of Differential GPS?
• What certification is necessary for a pilot performing air taxi services under VFR?
• What is the permissible indicated airspeed below 10,000 feet ASL unless otherwise authorized?
• What does ADF stand for in aviation navigation?
• Where does the Trish cellular model suggest the doldrums are located?
• What class of airspace requires a transponder capable of automatic pressure altitude reporting?
• Which headings affect the magnetic compass due to acceleration and deceleration compass error?
• What is meant by the air position of an aircraft?
• What happens to air temperature as it is compressed?
• In a carburetor, the fuel-to-air ratio is primarily governed by what?
• Where are vortex generators typically located on an aircraft?
• Which factor could lead to a violation of controlled airspace?
• For better climb performance in a constant speed propeller system, what should the propeller be set to?
• During which stage of a warm front passage does most precipitation occur?
• Which types of air masses are typically observed in Canada during summer?
• The addition of vortex generators typically leads to what change in aerodynamic efficiency?
• What structural feature is commonly used for vortex generators on aircraft?
• How does a polar orbiting satellite differ from a geostationary satellite in terms of image detail?
• If a pilot has not flown in over six years, what must they complete to obtain a current license?
• Which frequency range is characterized by traveling in a line of sight without bending or bouncing?
• What is a disadvantage of swept wings?
• What is a VORTAC best described as?
• The air mass that is responsible for bringing cool, moist, and damp weather to Canada is the?
• When must life preservers be carried on board an aircraft?
• A continental air mass is best described as?
• What air mass is characterized by high humidity and temperature?
• If visibility is reduced to less than 5/8 statute mile due to low cloud, what is this phenomenon called?
• What does a wider spacing of iso bars around low pressure indicate?
• Which method indicates the VOR station selected is correct and serviceable?
• What determines the intensity of turbulence associated with thunderstorms?
• What is the purpose of a transponder in an aircraft?
• What kind of altitude is used to calculate density altitude?
• Which term represents the change in temperature in the stratosphere with increasing altitude?
• As the angle of attack increases, what happens to the center of pressure?
• What is the minimum distance at which an airplane may be operated from a structure that is not located within a built-up area?
• What type of precipitation is likely at an active unstable cold front?
• In the weight shift formula, what does 'w' represent?
• What is the minimum lighting required for an aerodrome movement area at night?
• What occurs to the aircraft's position during an approach with decreased performance shear?
• As a cold front passes by, the dewpoint?
• What type of license must a pilot possess to operate a two crew aircraft as pilot in command?
• What characterizes maritime polar air mass?
• When operating in the Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ), what must be ensured regarding the estimated time of arrival (ETA)?
• What is meant by true altitude?
• What poses the greatest danger to aircraft due to lightning?
• For a commercial pilot, how many landings are required to be current for operating an aircraft within 90 days?
• Which of the following statements best describes the impact of vortex generators on airflow?
• Survival equipment must be carried if the aircraft is operated north of what latitude?
• What indicates the presence of stable air?
• Where is orographic lift turbulence most likely to occur?
• What typically signals the onset of a cold front passage?
• When is the EDF error associated with night effect greatest?
• What is a key requirement for the carriage of supplementary oxygen in aircraft?
• During a climb above 3000 feet AGL, what general trend occurs with the winds?
• Under commercial air service air taxi rules, when operating during night VFR in a single-engine airplane, what is true about carrying passengers?
• Which factor is minimized by deploying vortex generators?
• How high must airplanes maintain altitude above a built-up area or open air assembly of persons?
• How is a temporarily closed runway marked?
• Which jetstream is not associated with a frontal system?
• What does the acronym DALR stand for?
• What is relative airflow in relation to an aircraft in flight?
• What is the minimum wind velocity characteristic of a jetstream?
• What indicates that a cold front is passing over you?
• What is the formula for calculating the angle of bank for a rate one turn given true airspeed?
• Vortex generators function by manipulating which part of the airflow?
• What type of weather system is characterized by descending air and increasing atmospheric pressure towards its center?
• What is the purpose of Chevron markings near a runway threshold?
• In which layer of the atmosphere does most weather occur?
• The earliest indication of an approaching warm front is typically?
• What weather conditions are expected to precede an approaching cold front?
• What is the minimum flight time required for a pilot to conduct a single pilot flight under IFR with an air taxi operation?
• What are the components of the triangle of velocities?
• Relative humidity increases when which of the following occurs?
• What does the term "track made good" refer to?
• Which of the following requires a minimum equipment list (MEL) to be valid?
• What is true airspeed?
• For an ADF receiver and the NDB to be reliable, what should be confirmed?
• The cloud base can be calculated using which of the following components?
• How does secondary surveillance radar identify aircraft?
• How is magnetic deviation defined?
• What phenomenon is characterized by changes in air pressure due to surrounding weather systems?
• What effect does increasing the weight of an aircraft have on its stall speed?
• What is the maximum indicated airspeed for flying below 3000 feet AGL within 10 nautical miles of a controlled airport?
• What characterizes katabatic winds?
• What is the recorded path of destruction and wind speeds in a tornado?
• What is the biggest hazard associated with thunderstorms?
• What is the normal vertical limit of Class D airspace?
• What does the term subsidence refer to in meteorological terms?
• What term describes a significant and rapid increase in wind speed?
• What must be ensured regarding equipment when flying under ESCAT?
• Where are rotor clouds typically found?
• How does an increase in angle of attack affect lift generated by the wings?
• What is washout in the context of wing design?
• In order to act as pilot in command during night VFR with an air taxi service, what is essential to have?
• In mountainous regions 2, 3, and 4, what is the minimum altitude for IFR aircraft?
• A pilot flying an aircraft equipped with what can receive directional finding assistance?
• What is the width of a LF/MF airway?
• What forces does the inclinometer within the turn coordinator react to?
• What is the significance of the separation between stations in the weight shift formula?
• When is a DME typically utilized?
• What type of weather can you expect when approaching a trowal?
• What is the primary purpose of fly weights in a constant speed propeller-equipped aircraft?
• What determines the integrity of an NDB signal?
• What is the minimum altitude below which aerobatics cannot be conducted unless otherwise authorized?
• How is a great circle useful in aviation navigation?
• How do vortex generators contribute to a smoother airflow over an aircraft's wing?
• How long should a pilot wait to fly after receiving a local anaesthetic?
• What is the primary function of wing fences on an aircraft?
• What is the minimum time a pilot must wait after consuming an alcoholic drink before flying?
• What happens to the VSI when the static port becomes plugged?
• How does the Minimum Reception Altitude (MRA) relate to the Minimum Enroute Altitude (MEA)?
• When must elementary work on an aircraft be entered and signed?
• Which of the following is a requirement for obtaining SVFR clearance?
• What is the minimum number of takeoffs and landings a commercial pilot must complete within the preceding 90 days to operate under air taxi rules?
• For which type of flight operation is a transponder typically required?
• What phenomenon may cause orographic lift?
• What does the term dew point refer to?
• What does a forced couple refer to?
• Which air masses are the most common to form over North America in winter?
• What does an ionic line indicate in aviation?
• Jetstream speeds are greatest during which season?
• What information does the Radio Magnetic Indicator (RMI) show?
• Regarding Special Visual Flight Rules (SVFR), which statement is true?
• What should a pilot do when approaching taxiway holding lines with a solid line?
• What is a characteristic of stable air?
• What is the minimum equipment required for an aircraft in order for a pilot to request special VFR?
• What is the primary effect of anabatic winds?
• What type of precipitation can be expected from stratus or stratocumulus clouds?
• Who must approve the Minimum Equipment List (MEL) for an aircraft?
• For a VFR aircraft to enter class G airspace above 1000 feet AGL, what is the minimum visibility requirement?
• What is the minimum altitude allowed for a helicopter flying directly over a city?
• Which type of navigational aid operates in the low and medium frequency range?
• What type of weather develops in advance of a trough?
• What is the definition of a Meridian?
• The flow of engine oil to and from the propeller in a constant-speed propeller is regulated by which component?
• What happens to Class D airspace when the control tower ceases operation for the day?
• What is the primary purpose of sweepback in wing design?
• What is the result of an effective installation of vortex generators on an aircraft?
• What should be done if a pilot's ETA changes while operating in ADIZ?
• What minimum percentage of passengers must be provided oxygen when flying between 10,000 and 13,000 feet ASL?
• When does a VOR station passage occur?
• Which factor does not contribute to stabilizing unstable air?
• What relationship exists between the pressure gradient force and the Coriolis force?
• When ESCAT has been implemented, what are pilots required to do?
• What does density altitude refer to?
• What can high relative humidity indicate in the atmosphere?
• What does the mean aerodynamic chord represent?
• What process describes the rise of heated air that expands and cools?
• Under what condition must oxygen be carried in unpressurized aircraft?
• If a pilot has not flown in three years, what must they do to maintain a current license?
• What is the optimal fuel-to-air ratio for best power?
• What indicates a cloud cover classification of "broken" in METAR?
• What is one of the main purposes of installing vortex generators on small general aviation aircraft?
• During a pilot's flight duty period, what factor is most crucial for ensuring safety?
• What is characterized as an elongated area of low pressure?
• What must a pilot do regarding radio communications when entering class D airspace?
• In the Northern Hemisphere, how does the Coriolis force affect air movement?
• When operating near an airport within Class E control zone, when must a pilot establish radio contact?
• What type of breeze typically blows from the sea to the land during the day?
• How can a LF/MF air route in uncontrolled airspace be identified?
• What is typically observed directly above a mountainous area?
• The maximum flight duty period for a pilot with a commercial operator depends on which factors?
• What does high temperature dewpoint spread indicate about air stability?
• What occurs during the formation of a trowel?
• What is the minimum altitude a pilot must maintain from a forest fire?
• What is a feature of jet streams regarding their wind pattern?
• When do upper fronts typically form?
• What is the minimum distance a pilot must remain from a forest fire?
• What is the primary purpose of the Minimum Enroute Altitude (MEA)?
• What happens to the blades of a constant speed propeller when entering a climb?
• How is cloud coverage of 3 to 4 oktas reported in a METAR?
• What does a straight line drawn on a VNC represent?
• At what speed will the movement of synoptic features on the GFA be indicated?
• How are winds reported in METARs and TAFs?
• In the stratosphere, how does the temperature change with altitude?
• What does a series of arrows painted on the approach end of the runway signify?
• To which stations can RMI bearing indicator needles point if navigation receivers are installed?
• What information does the Minimum Reception Altitude (MRA) provide?
• What do lenticular clouds typically indicate?
• When crossing a mountain ridge in strong winds, what is the recommended angle of approach?
• If a commercial pilot completed a CAT1 medical exam on February 13, 2001, what is the latest date they can rent an aircraft?
• What defines pressure altitude?
• How often is the GFA issued, and how many charts does it consist of?
• What happens to the ADF bearing pointer upon detecting an NDB station?
• What type of weather condition is most likely when there is a significant temperature drop across a cold front?
• What does NDB stand for in the context of aviation navigation?
• What is the formula to calculate cloud base?
• To determine NDB station passage, the ADF bearing pointer will:
• What is a potential downside of using vortex generators?
• The troposphere is primarily heated by which mechanism?
• True track is specifically measured from which geographical feature?
• How does the resultant wind affected by friction move in relation to isobars?
• What direction does geostrophic wind move in relation to isobars?
• In what environment do vortex generators prove to be most beneficial?
• What is the term for the station pressure adjusted to sea level?
• What type of range does a DME provide?
• What variable is represented by 'W' in the weight shift formula?
• What is the primary function of vortex generators in aviation?
• What is the primary purpose of winglets on an aircraft?
• What does absolute altitude refer to?
• What is a key advantage of polar orbiting satellites compared to geostationary satellites?
• Which instrument provides distance information relative to a VOR station?
• What characteristic do latitude and longitude angles have in Lambert Conformal Conic Projection?
• What minimum altitude must IFR aircraft maintain in designated mountainous regions in areas 1 and 5?
• What happens to the temperature of air as it rises in altitude through a jetstream?
• Air masses are primarily defined by what characteristic?
• What aerodynamic principle do vortex generators primarily employ to improve aircraft performance?
• What impact does even a few millimeters of ice or frost have on an aerofoil?
• What is the primary difference between multimeter setting and main sea level pressure?
• According to Buys Ballot's law, which direction indicates a high-pressure system when standing with your back to the wind?
• What is the effect of Earth’s rotation on gyroscopic apparent precession?
• What is defined as a squall line?
• Which of the following best describes what virga indicates in weather observation?
• How often are GFA charts issued?
• Which characteristic is common to maritime tropical air masses?