What relationship exists between the pressure gradient force and the Coriolis force?

The pressure gradient force and the Coriolis force play crucial roles in atmospheric dynamics and are fundamental concepts in meteorology. The pressure gradient force acts to move air from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure, creating wind. This force is directed perpendicular to isobars (lines of equal pressure).

On the other hand, the Coriolis force results from the Earth's rotation and causes moving air to be deflected. In the Northern Hemisphere, it deflects moving air to the right of its path, while in the Southern Hemisphere, it deflects air to the left.

The relationship between the pressure gradient force and the Coriolis force is one of balance, particularly in the context of geostrophic winds, where these forces counteract each other. The pressure gradient force initiates the wind movement, while the Coriolis force acts to deflect that wind. This interaction results in a balance—where the pressure gradient force pushes air in one direction and the Coriolis force deflects that air, leading to a stable wind pattern. Hence, the two forces work against each other, which is why the correct choice indicates that they operate in opposite directions.

Understanding this relationship is essential for pilots and meteorologists when