Which instrument provides distance information relative to a VOR station?

The instrument that provides distance information relative to a VOR (VHF Omni-directional Range) station is Distance Measuring Equipment (DME). DME works in conjunction with VOR systems to give pilots essential information about how far they are from a specific VOR station. It calculates the line-of-sight distance in nautical miles from the aircraft to the VOR ground station, enabling pilots to determine their position accurately along their flight route.

Airspeed indicators measure the speed of the aircraft relative to the surrounding air and do not provide any distance information concerning VOR stations. The directional gyro is used to maintain a heading and provides information on the aircraft's direction but does not give distance data. The vertical speed indicator, on the other hand, indicates the rate of climb or descent and also does not relate to distance from a VOR station.

In summary, DME is specifically designed to provide the distance to a VOR, making it the correct answer in this context.