Which headings affect the magnetic compass due to acceleration and deceleration compass error?

The correct choice addresses the specific behavior of a magnetic compass in relation to aircraft movement. In general, the magnetic compass is subject to a phenomenon known as acceleration and deceleration error, which primarily occurs when an aircraft is heading east or west.

When the aircraft accelerates while on an east or west heading, the compass will show a turn toward the north. Conversely, when the aircraft decelerates, the compass tends to show a turn toward the south. This is due to the way the liquid-filled compass operates and how inertial forces affect the compass card during changes in speed.

In contrast, when the aircraft is at a north or south heading, the compass does not experience this type of error in the same way because the magnetic variation and the influence of the Earth’s magnetic field are aligned more directly with those headings. Additionally, during turns, the compass behavior is influenced by a different error known as turning error, which is distinct from acceleration and deceleration error.

By understanding the specific interactions of the compass with various headings, pilots can learn to interpret readings more accurately during flight, particularly under changing speed conditions.