What is the primary function of vortex generators in aviation?

The primary function of vortex generators in aviation is to break up and re-energize the boundary layer. When airflow over the wings or control surfaces begins to separate from the surface, it can create turbulence and reduce lift. Vortex generators are small aerodynamic features mounted on the surface of the wings and other components to create controlled vortices as air flows over them. These vortices mix the high-energy airflow from the main airstream with the slower-moving boundary layer, preventing flow separation and improving overall lift characteristics, especially at higher angles of attack.

This enhanced boundary layer helps maintain smoother airflow, contributing to better control and stability during various phases of flight, especially during takeoff and landing. As a result, the presence of vortex generators is crucial for aviation safety and performance, allowing aircraft to operate effectively in different flight conditions without the risk of stalling prematurely.